Imas Safitri Blog

Proses yang menyangkut upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengantisipasi kecenderungan di masa yang akan datang dan penentuan strategi dan taktik yang tepat untuk mewujudkan target dan tujuan perusahaan bisnis.

Proses yang menyangkut bagaimana strategi dan taktik yang telah dirumuskan dalam perencanaan didesain dalam sebuah struktur organisasi yang tepat dan tangguh, sistem dan lingkungan organisasi yang kondusif, dan dapat memastikan bahwa semua pihak dalam organisasi dapat bekerja secara efektif dan efisien guna pencapaian tujuan organisasi.

Proses implementasi program agar dapat dijalankan oleh seluruh pihak dalam organisasi serta proses memotivasi agar semua pihak tersebut dapat menjalankan tanggungjawabnya dengan penuh kesadaran dan produktifitas yang tinggi.

Proses yang dilakukan untuk memastikan seluruh rangkaian kegiatan yang telah direncanakan, diorganisasikan dan diimplementasikan dapat berjalan sesuai dengan target yang diharapkan sekalipun berbagai perubahan terjadi dalam lingkungan dunia bisnis yang dihadapi.

Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia adalah penerapan manajemen berdasarkan fungsinya untuk memperoleh sumber daya manusia yang terbaik bagi bisnis yang kita jalankan dan bagaimana sumber daya manusia yang terbaik tersebut dapat dipelihara dan tetap bekerja bersama kita dengan kualitas pekerjaan yang senantiasa konstan ataupun bertambah.

Manajemen Pemasaran adalah kegiatan manajemen berdasarkan fungsinya yang pada intinya berusaha untuk mengidentifikasi apa sesungguhnya yang dibutuhkan oleh konsumen, dan bagaimana cara pemenuhannya dapat diwujudkan.

Manajemen Produksi adalah penerapan manajemen berdasarkan fungsinya untuk menghasilkan produk yang sesuai dengan standar yang ditetapkan berdasarkan keinginan konsumen, dengan teknik produksi yang seefisien mungkin, dari mulai pilihan lokasi produksi hingga produk akhir yang dihasilkan dalam proses produksi.

Manajemen Keuangan adalah kegiatan manajemen berdasarkan fungsinya yang pada intinya berusaha untuk memastikan bahwa kegiatan bisnis yang dilakukan mampu mencapai tujuannya secara ekonomis yaitu diukur berdasarkan profit. Tugas manajemen keuangan diantaranya merencanakan dari mana pembiayaan bisnis diperoleh, dan dengan cara bagaimana modal yang telah diperoleh dialokasikan secara tepat dalam kegiatan bisnis yang dijalankan

Manajemen Informasi adalah kegiatan manajemen berdasarkan fungsinya yang pada intinya berusaha memastikan bahwa bisnis yang dijalankan tetap mampu untuk terus bertahan dalam jangka panjang. Untuk memastikan itu manajemen informasi bertugas untuk menyediakan seluruh informasi yang terkait dengan kegiatan perusahaan baik informasi internal maupun eksternal, yang dapat mendorong kegiatan bisnis yang dijalankan tetap mampu beradaptasi dengan perubahan yang terjadi di masyarakat

Toyota menciptakan budaya perusahaan berbasis pada manusia (dikenal sebagai the Toyota Way). Perusahaan ini percaya bahwa Toyota terdiri dari manusia-manusia, dan mengembangkan kemampuan manusia adalah tanggungjawab inti perusahaan. Di Toyota, yang sangat ditekankan adalah pada mengubah pengetahuan tersembunyi (tacit) personal menjadi pengetahuan perusahaan semuanya dengan menekankan pada hubungan manusia.

Hewlett-Packard (HP), perusahaan komputer dan solusi dan jasa pencitraan yang didirikan pada 1939, terkenal dengan budaya perusahaannya yang kuat dan himpunan nilai dan kepercayaan, yang dirujuk sebagai The HP Way. HP berkonsentrasi pada praktek-praktek bisnis yang mendorong inovasi dan berbagi pengetahuan. Sangat menarik bahwa perusahaan ini mengembangkan suatu budaya "izin untuk bereksperimen dan gagal".

Nokia, pemimpin dalam telepon selular dan jaringan protokol internet, memfokuskan strategi berbasis pengetahuannya pada kepuasan pelanggan, hormat pada pribadi, pencapaian, dan pembelajaran berkesinambungan. Nokia mengadopsi strategi berbasis pengetahuannya lebih pada pendekatan yang diarahkan oleh manusia daripada teknologi canggih. Menurut Nokia, faktor-faktor kritis dalam menerapkan strategi berbasis pengetahuan adalah manusia, budaya, dan teknologi.

Perbuatan itu harus diketahui, bahwa pentaklifan itu datngnya dari mukallif (Allah SWT) yang memiliki otoritas penuh untuk memberikan taklif, dan mukallaf wajib mengikutinya.

Yang dimaksud dengan pengetahuan mukallaf terhadap sesuatu yang taklifkan, ialah mencakup kemungkinan untuk mengetahuinya.

1. Tidak boleh ada taklif terhadap sesuatu yang mustahil, baik yang dilihat dari zatnya ataupun dilihat dari luar zatnya.

2. Tidak sah hukumnya seseorang melakukan perbuatan yang ditaklifkan untuk dan atas nama orang lain, karena hal ini adalah taklif yang bukan kepada dirinya.

Hukum syara’ menurut Ushulyyin ialah Khitab Syari’ yang berkaitan dengan perbuatan para mukallaf, baik dalam bentuk tuntutan, pilihan (taklifi) atau ketetapan (wadh’i).

Hukum taklifi: Tuntutan untuk mengerjakan sesuatu atau meninggalkannya, atau memberikan pilihan antara mengerjakan atau meninggalkannya.

Hukum wadh’i: sesuatu yang menuntu penetapan sesuatu sebagai sebab bagi sesuatu yang lain, atau menjadi syarat baginya, atau menjadi penghalang baginya.

=>> Secara terminologi, para ahli ushul fiqh mendefenisikan ahliyyah dengan suatu sifat yang dimiliki seseorang, yang dijadikan ukuran oleh syari’ untuk menentukan seseorang telah cakap dikenai tuntutan syara’

1. Ahliyyah Al-Ada’ adalah kecakapan bertindak hukum seseorang yang telah dianggap sempurna untuk bertanggung jawab atas seluruh perbuatannya , baik yang bersifat positif maupun negatif.

2. Ahliyyah Al-wujub adalah kecakapan seseorang menerima hak-hak yang menjadi haknya, tetapi belum cakap untuk dibebani seluruh kewajibannya.

yaitu kecakapan menerima hak bagi seorang anak yang telah lahir, sampai ia dinyatakan baligh dan berakal, sekalipun akalnya masih kurang seperti orang gila.

=>> ‘Awaridh As-samawiyyah, maksudnya halangan yang datang dari Allah SWT. Seperti gila, lupa, dungu dan mardh maut.

=>> ‘Awaridh Al-muktasbah, maksudnya halangan yang disebabkan perbuatan manusia. Seperti mabuk, terpaksa, tersalah, berada dibawah pengampunan

An objective personal pronoun indicates that the pronoun is acting as an object of a verb, compound verb, preposition, or infinitive phrase. The objective personal pronouns are: "me," "you," "her," "him," "it," "us," "you," and "them."

In the following sentences, each of the highlighted words is an objective personal pronoun:

Seamus stole the selkie's skin and forced her to live with him.

The objective personal pronoun "her" is the direct object of the verb "forced" and the objective personal pronoun "him" is the object of the preposition "with."

After reading the pamphlet, Judy threw it into the garbage can.

The pronoun "it" is the direct object of the verb "threw."

The agitated assistant stood up and faced the angry delegates and said, "Our leader will address you in five minutes."

In this sentence, the pronoun "you" is the direct object of the verb "address."

Deborah and Roberta will meet us at the newest café in the market.

Here the objective personal pronoun "us" is the direct object of the compound verb "will meet."

Give the list to me.

Here the objective personal pronoun "me" is the object of the preposition "to."

I'm not sure that my contact will talk to you.

Similarly in this example, the objective personal pronoun "you" is the object of the preposition "to."

Christopher was surprised to see her at the drag races.

Here the objective personal pronoun "her" is the object of the infinitive phrase "to see."

A possessive pronoun indicates that the pronoun is acting as a marker of possession and defines who owns a particular object or person. The possessive personal pronouns are "mine," "yours," "hers," "his," "its," "ours," and "theirs." Note that possessive personal pronouns are very similar to possessive adjectives like "my," "her," and "their."

In each of the following sentences, the highlighted word is a possessive personal pronoun:

The smallest gift is mine.

Here the possessive pronoun "mine" functions as a subject complement.

This is yours.

Here too the possessive pronoun "yours" functions as a subject complement.

His is on the kitchen counter.

In this example, the possessive pronoun "his" acts as the subject of the sentence.

Theirs will be delivered tomorrow.

In this sentence, the possessive pronoun "theirs" is the subject of the sentence.

Ours is the green one on the corner.

Here too the possessive pronoun "ours" function as the subject of the sentence.

A demonstrative pronoun points to and identifies a noun or a pronoun. "This" and "these" refer to things that are nearby either in space or in time, while "that" and "those" refer to things that are farther away in space or time.

The demonstrative pronouns are "this," "that," "these," and "those." "This" and "that" are used to refer to singular nouns or noun phrases and "these" and "those" are used to refer to plural nouns and noun phrases. Note that the demonstrative pronouns are identical to demonstrative adjectives, though, obviously, you use them differently. It is also important to note that "that" can also be used as a relative pronoun.

In the following sentences, each of the highlighted words is a demonstrative pronoun:

This must not continue.

Here "this" is used as the subject of the compound verb "must not continue."

This is puny; that is the tree I want.

In this example "this" is used as subject and refers to something close to the speaker. The demonstrative pronoun "that" is also a subject but refers to something farther away from the speaker.

Three customers wanted these.

Here "these" is the direct object of the verb "wanted."

An interrogative pronoun is used to ask questions. The interrogative pronouns are "who," "whom," "which," "what" and the compounds formed with the suffix "ever" ("whoever," "whomever," "whichever," and "whatever"). Note that either "which" or "what" can also be used as an interrogative adjective, and that "who," "whom," or "which" can also be used as a relative pronoun.

You will find "who," "whom," and occasionally "which" used to refer to people, and "which" and "what" used to refer to things and to animals.

"Who" acts as the subject of a verb, while "whom" acts as the object of a verb, preposition, or a verbal.

The highlighted word in each of the following sentences is an interrogative pronoun:

Which wants to see the dentist first?

"Which" is the subject of the sentence.

Who wrote the novel Rockbound?

Similarly "who" is the subject of the sentence.

Whom do you think we should invite?

In this sentence, "whom" is the object of the verb "invite."

To whom do you wish to speak?

Here the interrogative pronoun "whom " is the object of the preposition "to."

Who will meet the delegates at the train station?

In this sentence, the interrogative pronoun "who" is the subject of the compound verb "will meet."

To whom did you give the paper?

In this example the interrogative pronoun "whom" is the object of the preposition "to."

What did she say?

Here the interrogative pronoun "what" is the direct object of the verb "say."

You can use a relative pronoun is used to link one phrase or clause to another phrase or clause. The relative pronouns are "who," "whom," "that," and "which." The compounds "whoever," "whomever," and "whichever" are also relative pronouns.

You can use the relative pronouns "who" and "whoever" to refer to the subject of a clause or sentence, and "whom" and "whomever" to refer to the objects of a verb, a verbal or a preposition.

In each of the following sentences, the highlighted word is a relative pronoun.

You may invite whomever you like to the party.

The relative pronoun "whomever" is the direct object of the compound verb "may invite."

The candidate who wins the greatest popular vote is not always elected.

In this sentence, the relative pronoun is the subject of the verb "wins" and introduces the subordinate clause "who wins the greatest popular vote." This subordinate clause acts as an adjective modifying "candidate."

In a time of crisis, the manager asks the workers whom she believes to be the most efficient to arrive an hour earlier than usual.

In this sentence "whom" is the direct object of the verb "believes" and introduces the subordinate clause "whom she believes to be the most efficient". This subordinate clause modifies the noun "workers."

Whoever broke the window will have to replace it.

Here "whoever" functions as the subject of the verb "broke."

The crate which was left in the corridor has now been moved into the storage closet.

In this example "which" acts as the subject of the compound verb "was left" and introduces the subordinate clause "which was left in the corridor." The subordinate clause acts as an adjective modifying the noun "crate."

I will read whichever manuscript arrives first.

Here "whichever" modifies the noun "manuscript" and introduces the subordinate clause "whichever manuscript arrives first." The subordinate clause functions as the direct object of the compound verb "will read."

An indefinite pronoun is a pronoun referring to an identifiable but not specified person or thing. An indefinite pronoun conveys the idea of all, any, none, or some.

The most common indefinite pronouns are "all," "another," "any," "anybody," "anyone," "anything," "each," "everybody," "everyone," "everything," "few," "many," "nobody," "none," "one," "several," "some," "somebody," and "someone." Note that some indefinite pronouns can also be used as indefinite adjectives.

The highlighted words in the following sentences are indefinite pronouns:

Many were invited to the lunch but only twelve showed up.

Here "many" acts as the subject of the compound verb "were invited."

The office had been searched and everything was thrown onto the floor.

In this example, "everything" acts as a subject of the compound verb "was thrown."

We donated everything we found in the attic to the woman's shelter garage sale.

In this sentence, "everything" is the direct object of theverb "donated."

Although they looked everywhere for extra copies of the magazine, they found none.

Here too the indefinite pronoun functions as a direct object: "none" is the direct object of "found."

Make sure you give everyone a copy of the amended bylaws.

In this example, "everyone" is the indirect object of the verb "give" -- the direct object is the noun phrase "a copy of the amended bylaws."

Give a registration package to each.

Here "each" is the object of the preposition "to."

You can use a reflexive pronoun to refer back to the subject of the clause or sentence.

The reflexive pronouns are "myself," "yourself," "herself," "himself," "itself," "ourselves," "yourselves," and "themselves." Note each of these can also act as an intensive pronoun.

Each of the highlighted words in the following sentences is a reflexive pronoun:

Diabetics give themselves insulin shots several times a day.

The Dean often does the photocopying herself so that the secretaries can do more important work.

After the party, I asked myself why I had faxed invitations to everyone in my office building.

Richard usually remembered to send a copy of his e-mail to himself.

Although the landlord promised to paint the apartment, we ended up doing it ourselves.

An intensive pronoun is a pronoun used to emphasise its antecedent. Intensive pronouns are identical in form to reflexive pronouns.

The highlighted words in the following sentences are intensive pronouns:

I myself believe that aliens should abduct my sister.

The Prime Minister himself said that he would lower taxes.

They themselves promised to come to the party even though they had a final exam at the same time.

Written by Heather MacFadyen